Etude 2009 « e-readiness » IBM et The Economist : Malgré la récession, la France fait pour la première fois partie du top 15 des nations numériques

Paris - 15 juil. 2009: IBM et The Economist dévoilent le classement 2009 de l’étude mondiale « e-Readiness ». Avec les 70 économies les plus importantes passées à la loupe, cet indicateur définit la capacité par un pays à utiliser les technologies de l’information pour développer une économie et augmenter le bien-être de ses habitants. Depuis 2000, l’Economist Intelligence Unit (Division études de l’hebdomadaire anglais The Economist), publie chaque année ce classement « e-readiness » en utilisant un modèle développé en coopération avec l’Institut for Business Value d’IBM.

Selon l’étude, la forte détérioration de l’environnement économique a eu de lourdes conséquences sur le dynamisme technologique des 70 pays étudiés. Cependant le classement permet de constater que la France a fait un bond de 7 places comparé à 2008, passant de la 22^e  à la 15^e  place en 2009.

C’est, en premier lieu, la stratégie gouvernementale en matière de e-administration, de développement numérique ainsi que le taux élevé de e-participation qui permet à la France  de s’inscrire, sur ce critère, au 7^e rang mondial et 3è européen. Ce sont également ses efforts d’investissement pour améliorer l’accès aux technologies, le développement des infrastructures, qui lui ont permis de gagner, sur ce point, 4 places par rapport à 2008. En revanche, la problématique d’authentification, de signature électronique et de sécurité des transactions internet montre clairement sur quel chantier la France doit maintenant se pencher.

On remarque également que les pays nordiques dominent toujours les résultats du classement et ont réaffirmé leur place au sein du top 10 : en effet le Danemark a ravi la première place aux Etats-Unis, suivi de la Suède, des Pays-Bas, de la Norvège, et de la Finlande à la 10^e position. Au contraire, les Etats-Unis et le Royaume-Unis, durement touchés cette année, ont perdu quelques places.
 

D’après l’Economist Intelligence Unit, un environnement stable et transparent est essentiel pour encourager le développement et l’utilisation de technologies numériques et de services. Cependant, durant cette dernière année, la crise a gêné la disponibilité de crédits, a conduit les gouvernements à prendre des mesures protectionnistes (notamment dans le secteur technologiques) et a réprimé les investissements étrangers ainsi que le soutien aux entreprises privées. C’est pourquoi les 70 pays du classement ont enregistré des résultats plus faibles cette année, en comparaison avec 2008.

 Cette étude apporte un éclairage global et pragmatique en s’appuyant sur 6 critères aux horizons complémentaires. Elle permet de poser le débat en considérant l'ensemble de ce qui fait une nation :

-      Vision politique et gouvernementale – France 7e dans le monde

-      Connectivité, technologie et infrastructure – France 19^e dans le monde

-      Business et environnement – France 18^e dans le monde

-      Environnement culturel et social - France 17^e dans le monde

-      Environnement politique et légal – France 24e dans le monde

-      Adoption des technologies par les consommateurs et les entreprises - France 17^e dans le monde

 Pour plus d’informations sur la méthodologie, un livre blanc est disponible en anglais sous format PDF à www.eiu.com/sponsor/ibm/e-readinessrankings2009

 Key developments:

§          The scores of all but nine of the 70 countries in the study decline in 2009

§          Denmark—one of the nine—recaptures the top rank in the world e-readiness table

§          New indicators reveal that information and communications technology (ICT) use seriously lags its availability in many countries

A sharp deterioration in business environments owing to the economic crisis has taken a toll on countries' e-readiness—their ability to harness ICT for social and economic development. The Economist Intelligence Unit maintains that a stable and transparent business environment is essential to fostering development and utilisation of digital technologies and services. Over the past year, however, the crisis has constricted availability of credit, led governments to entertain protectionist measures—including in the technology sector—and dampened foreign investment and support for private enterprise. All 70 countries in the e-readiness rankings have seen their business environment scores drop in 2009—an important reason why all but nine countries registered lower overall e-readiness scores this year compared with 2008.

 Scores also fell, however, because this year’s rankings now cover ICT usage in addition to availability. The availability of technology is not enough to deliver the full socioeconomic benefit to countries that ICT can provide. For this, digital technologies must be used, and used effectively. Tracking actual ICT use is a tricky endeavour, but we have introduced several new indicators this year which compare countries on the extent to which their businesses and individuals use online channels. Since technology usage tends to lag availability, countries’ e-readiness scores have declined further.

 These and other factors have also led to changes in the rankings table. Denmark has reclaimed global e-readiness leadership, a position it relinquished to the US last year. Other north European countries such as Sweden, the Netherlands and Norway—having, among other attributes, high levels of ICT usage—have reaffirmed their places among the top ten e-readiness countries or, in the case of Norway, advanced into this tier. Meanwhile, the US and UK, whose business environments have been hit particularly hard in the past year, have fallen a few rungs.

 "The results of this year's research underscore the fact that digital development does not take place in a vacuum," says Robin Bew, Editorial Director of the Economist Intelligence Unit. "Tough economic conditions can constrain the drivers of technology adoption and use. Policymakers can help maintain the momentum of digital advancement, but above all they should refrain from introducing protectionist measures, which will only make matters worse."

 Since 2000, the Economist Intelligence Unit has published an annual e-readiness ranking of the world’s largest economies, using a model developed in co-operation with the IBM Institute for Business Value. A country’s “e-readiness” is a measure of its e-business environment, a collection of factors that indicate how amenable a market is to Internet-based opportunities. Increasingly, it is also about how individuals and businesses consume digital goods and services.

 “More than ever before, 2009 will in hindsight be seen as 'The year of truth’,” says Peter Korsten, Global Leader of the IBM Institute for Business Value. “Those that invest aggressively, competitively and wisely in ramping up connectedness and usage of the Internet and that create and drive innovative content and services will reap the benefits for many, many years to come.”

 Other major findings from this year's study are highlighted below.

§         Emerging markets continue to rack up big advances in connectivity, or the extent to which people are connected to communications networks. Progress in the "connectivity and technology infrastructure" category of indicators is particularly notable in the Middle East and Africa, Eastern Europe and Latin America. But there remains a large gap between these and mature markets, which may have a negative knock-on effect on the usage scores of less well-connected countries.

§         Government ICT strategy in emerging markets is bearing fruit. Most nations are making progress in implementing e-government programmes; a few developing countries keep pace and even outperform the e-readiness leaders in some areas. The governments of Mexico, Jordan and Vietnam, for example, have made substantial progress in recent years in making digital channels available to citizens for information provision and consultation ("e-participation"). 

§         ICT development may benefit from the recession. Many countries' economic stimulus packages designed to hasten recovery—notably in rich-world countries hardest hit by recession, such as the US—have big ICT infrastructure projects wrapped up in them. But generally, all new stimulus-driven infrastructure spending, including on railways, power plants and other projects—incorporates a lot of ICT.

§         Policy concerns exist on the near and longer horizons. Protectionism risks are growing in the global economy, and measures are afoot in some countries— China, for example—to increase protection of local ICT industries. Some stimulus programmes may also have a protectionist sting in their tail. Policymakers remain concerned that ICT providers are not doing enough to ensure the privacy and integrity of customer data. Finally, there is mounting concern about the environmental impact of digital devices and networks.

 Economist Intelligence Unit e-readiness rankings 2009

Note: A four-decimal score is used to determine each country's rank.

Source: Economist Intelligence Unit, 2009.

E-readiness rankings 2009: The usage imperative

is available free of charge at

www.eiu.com/sponsor/ibm/e-readinessrankings2009

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