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Seen here in 1964 are three eras of computer
technology: the vacuum tube (at left) of the late-1940s
and early-1950s, the transistor (middle) of the
late-1950s and early-1960s, and the chip transistor
(that little dot at right). At first, transistors,
whose wire connector legs made them look like spiders,
were wired with other components, such as resistors,
on circuit cards to form logic and control elements
of processors. But, starting with the IBM System/360
in 1964, circuits were closely combined on half-inch
ceramic modules. The era of microelectronics had
begun. (VV2124)
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