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Electromechanical machines to punch, tabulate and sort cards at high speed were the heart of data processing through the mid-1940s. In 1940, the electromechanical system seen here multiplied two 10-digit numbers in five seconds. It used electric relays and punched cards. Soon, though, even the fastest punched card machines were bypassed by technological change in the late-1940s, as vacuum tubes began to replace electromechnical wheels and levers. (VV2109)
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