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| The IBM 514 reproducing punch was first announced in February
1949. Subsequent announcements of new and enhanced models occurred
through the next 15 years, with the last -- the Model 51 --
rolling out in 1964. This machine was one of the first products
shipped by IBM's new manufacturing facility in Rochester, Minn.,
in 1957.
The 514 used a mark-sensing device that operated on the principle
that graphite conducted electricity and thus could control
circuits to actuate punching mechanisms. It sensed data marked
on cards with electrographic lead and converted that data
to punched hole form in the desired card column.
The last models of the IBM 514 were withdrawn from marketing
in September 1978.
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